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Concept and requirements of sustainable development in bridge engineering

Yaojun GE, Haifan XIANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 432-450 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0126-6

摘要： The concept of sustainability is described in this paper using a single sustainable principle, two goals of sustainable development, three dimensions of sustainable engineering, four sustainable requirements and five phases of sustainable construction. Four sustainable requirements and their practice in China are discussed in particular. The safe reliability of bridges is first compared with the events of bridge failure in China and in the rest of the world and followed by structural durability, including the cracking of concrete cable-stayed bridges, deflection of concrete girder bridges and fatigue cracks of orthotropic steel decks. With respect to functional adaptability, lateral wind action on vehicles and its improvement are introduced regarding a sea-crossing bridge located in a typhoon-prone area. The Chinese practice of using two double main span suspension bridges and a twin parallel deck cable-stayed bridge is presented in discussing the final sustainable requirement: capacity extensibility.

关键词： sustainable engineering safe reliability structural durability functional adaptability capacity extensibility

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Enhancing the terrain adaptability of a multirobot cooperative transportation system via novel connectors

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0754-2

摘要： Given limited terrain adaptability, most existing multirobot cooperative transportation systems (MRCTSs) mainly work on flat pavements, restricting their outdoor applications. The connectors’ finite deformation capability and the control strategies’ limitations are primarily responsible for this phenomenon. This study proposes a novel MRCTS based on tracked mobile robots (TMRs) to improve terrain adaptability and expand the application scenarios of MRCTSs. In structure design, we develop a novel 6-degree-of-freedom passive adaptive connector to link multiple TMRs and the transported object (the communal payload). In addition, the connector is set with sensors to measure the position and orientation of the robot with respect to the object for feedback control. In the control strategy, we present a virtual leader–physical follower collaborative paradigm. The leader robot is imaginary to describe the movement of the entire system and manage the follower robots. All the TMRs in the system act as follower robots to transport the object cooperatively. Having divided the whole control structure into the leader robot level and the follower robot level, we convert the motion control of the two kinds of robots to trajectory tracking control problems and propose a novel double closed-loop kinematics control framework. Furthermore, a control law satisfying saturation constraints is derived to ensure transportation stability. An adaptive control algorithm processes the wheelbase uncertainty of the TMR. Finally, we develop a prototype of the TMR-based MRCTS for experiments. In the trajectory tracking experiment, the developed MRCTS with the proposed control scheme can converge to the reference trajectory in the presence of initial tracking errors in a finite time. In the outdoor experiment, the proposed MRCTS consisting of four TMRs can successfully transport a payload weighing 60 kg on an uneven road with the single TMR’s maximum load limited to 15 kg. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the structural design and control strategies of the TMR-based MRCTS.

关键词： multirobot system cooperative transportation terrain adaptability trajectory tracking collaborative paradigm uneven road

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Adaptability evolution of financing systems of mega projects

Xue YAN, Longmiao GAO, Huimin LIU

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第2期页码 258-270 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0066-8

摘要： Mega projects require large funding, which often reaches tens or even hundreds of billions of yuan. In the state-oriented financing system, the huge fund gap has generally become an important factor restricting the development of mega projects worldwide. Since the 1980s, China’s long-span bridge projects have developed rapidly as typical mega projects as their financing systems have also undergone a series of changes and shown a high adaptability to complexity. However, the existing literature based on the perspective of evolution lacks focus on the complexity of mega project financing systems and its causes. Therefore, the complexity of the financing methods employed in the financing systems for China’s long-span bridges is analyzed in this work from the dimensions of time and regions through investigation and interviews. On the basis of the results and complex adaptive systems theory, the causes of the complexity are further explored in terms of the clustering effects of financing subjects and the deep uncertainty of financing environments. Then, the evolution rules of financing systems of mega projects are established from the aspect of financing subjects, financing environments, and financing methods. The research results can enrich decision-makers’ understanding of the essential attributes and formation mechanism of the financing systems of mega projects and provide powerful support for decision-making in financing.

关键词： adaptability evolution financing methods long-span bridges in China mega projects

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Analysis of load and adaptability of disc cutters during shield tunneling in soft–hard varied strata

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第4期页码 533-545 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0946-1

摘要： The disc cutters of shield machines exhibit unsatisfactory adaptability and performance during the soft–hard varied strata tunneling process. To analyze the rotation state, cutting performance, and adaptability of disc cutters during shield tunneling in soft–hard varied strata, the Holmquist Johnson Cook and Federal Highway Administration constitutive models are introduced to numerically simulate the failure process of materials on the excavation face and to calculate the load of disc cutters. Additionally, the parameters of the models are modified based on laboratory disc cutter excavation test results. The results of numerical calculation can reflect the load level and the behavior of the disc cutters during operation. The tangential loads of the disc cutters during the cutting of four typical soft-strata excavation face models are numerically calculated, thus providing reference values for the starting torque of the disc cutters. A greater penetration is suggested for soft-strata tunneling to allow the disc cutters to rotate smoothly and continuously as well as to guarantee a better cutting effect. The disc cutters in the center of the cutterhead should be specified with a lower starting torque to prevent uneven wear, rotation stagnation, cutterhead clogging, and other adverse phenomena.

关键词： shield tunneling disc cutter load laboratory excavation test numerical calculation soft–hard varied strata

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300m级面板堆石坝适应性及对策研究

马洪琪

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第12期页码 4-8

摘要：

系统总结了200ｍ级面板坝建设的主要经验与教训，对４座３００ｍ级面板坝典型工程进行了分析，提出了３００ｍ级面板坝需要研究的基础科学和关键技术问题。

关键词：混凝土面板堆石坝适应性对策研究

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北京铁路地下直径线泥水盾构刀盘、刀具适应性分析

何峰,李小岗,孙善辉

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第12期页码 35-40

摘要：

结合北京站至北京西站地下直径线工程实例，通过不同盾构刀盘刀具配置在砂卵石下的应用对比，重点对工程刀盘刀具改造前后对地层的适应性进行了详细的对比分析，提出了砂卵石条件下刀盘刀具配置应注意的关键问题，对类似工程有借鉴作用。

关键词：直径线泥水盾构刀盘刀具适应性

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Development and applications of functional gene microarrays in the analysis of the functional diversity

Zhili HE, Joy D. VAN NOSTRAND, Ye DENG, Jizhong ZHOU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 1-20 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0301-y

摘要： Functional gene arrays (FGAs) are a special type of microarrays containing probes for key genes involved in microbial functional processes, such as biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and metals, biodegradation of environmental contaminants, energy processing, and stress responses. GeoChips are considered as the most comprehensive FGAs. Experimentally established probe design criteria and a computational pipeline integrating sequence retrieval, probe design and verification, array construction, data analysis, and automatic update are used to develop the GeoChip technology. GeoChip has been systematically evaluated and demonstrated to be a powerful tool for rapid, specific, sensitive, and quantitative analysis of microbial communities in a high-throughput manner. Several generations of GeoChip have been developed and applied to investigate the functional diversity, composition, structure, function, and dynamics of a variety of microbial communities from different habitats, such as water, soil, marine, bioreactor, human microbiome, and extreme ecosystems. GeoChip is able to address fundamental questions related to global change, bioenergy, bioremediation, agricultural operation, land use, human health, environmental restoration, and ecological theories and to link the microbial community structure to environmental factors and ecosystem functioning.

关键词： functional gene arrays (FGAs) GeoChip microbial communities functional diversity/composition/structure environmental factor ecosystem functioning

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高速铁路动车组在线路上适应性设计方法及应用

王开云,袁玄成,翟婉明

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第4期页码 90-97

摘要：

基于新一代中国高速列车（动车组）关键技术的研究发展趋势和策略问题进行详细讨论和技术展望。主要内容包括：首先，介绍国际先进轨道车辆制造商在其新一代车辆开发过程中采用的先进设计技术和理念，分层次研究其各自的核心技术特点和未来其可能的技术发展趋势。其次，在国内外文献研究的基础上，结合中国高速铁路车辆发展的自身特点和实际情况，针对具体的牵引传动技术、转向架技术、车体设计技术等可能面临的核心技术难题，提出一些分析建议。最后，在综合考虑轨道车辆造型发展趋势及设计原则的基础上，根据集成设计的理论与多学科优化设计方法，针对新一代中国高速铁路动车组可能面临的重大技术挑战与策略和改进措施的研究提出一些明确的建议。总之，通过本文的初步研究，希望可以对我国高速列车未来的发展方向和趋势提出一些有益的建议。

关键词：高速铁路；线路适应性；动车组；车辆-轨道耦合动力学

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Fluorescent probes and functional materials for biomedical applications

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第10期页码 1425-1437 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2163-1

摘要： Due to their simplicity in preparation, sensitivity and selectivity, fluorescent probes have become the analytical tool of choice in a wide range of research and industrial fields, facilitating the rapid detection of chemical substances of interest as well as the study of important physiological and pathological processes at the cellular level. In addition, many long-wavelength fluorescent probes developed have also proven applicable for in vivo biomedical applications including fluorescence-guided disease diagnosis and theranostics (e.g., fluorogenic prodrugs). Impressive progresses have been made in the development of sensing agents and materials for the detection of ions, organic small molecules, and biomacromolecules including enzymes, DNAs/RNAs, lipids, and carbohydrates that play crucial roles in biological and disease-relevant events. Here, we highlight examples of fluorescent probes and functional materials for biological applications selected from the special issues “Fluorescent Probes” and “Molecular Sensors and Logic Gates” recently published in this journal, offering insights into the future development of powerful fluorescence-based chemical tools for basic biological studies and clinical translation.

关键词： fluorescent probes imaging cell biomedicine biomolecules

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The ecological adaptability of cloned sheep to free-grazing in the Tengger Desert of Inner Mongolia,

Xinxin LI,Huijuan WANG,Guanghua SU,Zhuying WEI,Chunling BAI,Wuni-MENGHE,Yanhui HOU,Changqing YU,Shorgan BOU,Guangpeng LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第3期页码 191-200 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014029

摘要： Since the birth of the first cloned sheep, somatic cell nuclear transfer technology has been successfully used to clone a variety of mammals. Cloned livestock have no apparent health risks, and the quality and safety of the cloned animal products are similar to non-cloned animals. The social behavior and environmental adaptability of postnatal cloned animals, especially when used for grassland farm production purposes, is unknown. In the present study, the cloned Dorper sheep equipped with GPS location devices were free-grazed in a harsh natural environment similar to conditions commonly experienced by Mongolian sheep. The main findings of this research were as follows. (1) Under free-grazing conditions, the cloned sheep showed excellent climatic and ecological adaptability. In extreme temperature conditions ranging from -30 to 40°C, the cloned sheep maintained acceptable body condition and behaved as other sheep. (2) The cloned sheep quickly adapted from a herd feeding strategy to the harsh environment and quickly exhibited a grazing regimen as other free-grazing sheep. (3) The cloned sheep exhibited free-grazing patterns and social behavior as other sheep. (4) The cloned sheep in the harsh environment thrived and produced healthy lambs. Overall, the cloned Dorper sheep exhibited excellent ecological adaptation, which is an important consideration for breeding meat sheep by cloning. The Dorper sheep readily adapted to the free-grazing conditions on the Mongolian plateau grassland, which attests to their ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions.

关键词： somatic cell nuclear transfer free-grazing synchronization Dorper sheep cloned animal ecology

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Adaptability to geological faulted foundation of Hardfill dam

XIONG Kun, HE Yunlong, PENG Yunfeng

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第4期页码 343-349 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0057-z

摘要： Hardfill dam is a new type of dam which has the advantages of low stress level and even stress distribution in a dam body, resulting in low demands to foundations. Based on 2D linear elastic and elasto-plastic calculations of gravity dam and Hardfill dam using finite element method (FEM), the stress distribution in a dam body and anti-sliding stabilization is analyzed on the geological faulted foundations with weak weathered rock and soft interlayers. It is concluded that Hardfill dams have better adaptability to geological faulted foundations than gravity dams and is more secure and economically sound.

关键词： weathered elastic geological faulted FEM gravity

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Temporal dimension and water quality control in an emission trading scheme based on water environmental functional

Zhaoxing HAN, Zhenyao SHEN, Yongwei GONG, Qian HONG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 119-129 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0272-z

摘要： Emission trading is one of the most effective alternatives to controlling water pollution. Water environmental functional zone (WEFZ) is used to determine the water quality standard and identify the zone boundary for each river or reach. In this study, a new emission trading scheme was addressed based on WEFZ, accounting for both the temporal dimension and water quality control. A temporal factor of emission trading was proposed based on variations in the environmental capacity within a year by dividing the year into three periods, including high, normal, and low periods of environmental capacity. During each period, emission trading was implemented exclusively. A water quality-control scheme was suggested based on the water quality requirement in the water functional zone, in which the water quality at the downstream boundary of the zone was required to meet the water standard following auto-purification in the stream. Two methods of calculating water quality control are addressed for point-source pollution and non-point-source pollution. The calculated temporal dimension and water quality control were located in Dongxi River of the Daning Watershed in the Three Gorges Watershed. The high period was during June, July, and August, the normal period was during April, May, September, and October, and the low period was during January, February, March, November, and December. The results from the water quality calculation demonstrated that the discharge of point-source and non-point-source pollutions led to an excess of common contaminants at the downstream boundary of WEFZ. The temporal and spatial factors above should be incorporated into the emission trading scheme based on WEFZ.

关键词： emission trading water functional zone water quality control

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A Study of the Functional Mechanism of Petrochemical Engineering Construction Project Management

Ji-ming Wang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第2期页码 129-139 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014020

摘要： This paper, proceeding from the project construction process, the management mode and the implementation way, makes an in-depth study of the environmental characteristics and the managerial elements of petrochemical engineering construction project, revealing the inherent laws, establishing a theoretical model, and proposing a theory of the mechanisms of construction project management; and presents profound revelations found for construction project management in petrochemical engineering in seven aspects, which can play a guiding role in improving the managerial performance of petrochemical construction project. The theory established proposes that: The construction project management in petrochemical engineering is a complex systematic process, formed of 5 phases and 55 sub-processes of management, and exposed to many factors of influence; the environmental characteristics and managerial elements exercise positive impacts on managerial performance, but different factors have different impacts and act in different ways on managerial performance; the managerial elements of petrochemical engineering construction project are tiered, transferable, systematic and quantifiable, and the role of managerial elements in the managerial performance can be systematically integrated, quantitatively explained and transferred in a multi-level way.

关键词： petrochemical engineering construction project project management functional mechanism

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Effects of functional groups for CO

Chenkai Gu, Yang Liu, Weizhou Wang, Jing Liu, Jianbo Hu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 437-449 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1961-6

摘要： Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising adsorbents for CO capture. Functional groups on organic linkers of MOFs play important roles in improving the CO capture ability by enhancing the CO sorption affinity. In this work, the functionalization effects on CO adsorption were systematically investigated by rationally incorporating various functional groups including –SO H, –COOH, –NH , –OH, –CN, –CH and –F into a MOF-177 template using computational methods. Asymmetries of electron density on the functionalized linkers were intensified, introducing significant enhancements of the CO adsorption ability of the modified MOF-177. In addition, three kinds of molecular interactions between CO and functional groups were analyzed and summarized in this work. Especially, our results reveal that –SO H is the best-performing functional group for CO capture in MOFs, better than the widely used –NH or –F groups. The current study provides a novel route for future MOF modification toward CO capture.

关键词： metal-organic frameworks functional groups CO₂ capture GCMC DFT

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Microbial community and functional genes in the rhizosphere of alfalfa in crude oil-contaminated soil

Yi ZHONG, Jian WANG, Yizhi SONG, Yuting LIANG, Guanghe LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第6期页码 797-805 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0405-z

摘要： A rhizobox system constructed with crude oil-contaminated soil was vegetated with alfalfa ( L.) to evaluate the rhizosphere effects on the soil microbial population and functional structure, and to explore the potential mechanisms by which plants enhance the removal of crude oil in soil. During the 80-day experiment, 31.6% of oil was removed from the adjacent rhizosphere (AR); this value was 27% and 53% higher than the percentage of oil removed from the far rhizosphere (FR) and from the non-rhizosphere (NR), respectively. The populations of heterotrophic bacteria and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were higher in the AR and FR than in the NR. However, the removal rate of crude oil was positively correlated with the proportion of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in the rhizosphere. In total, 796, 731, and 379 functional genes were detected by microarray in the AR, FR, and NR, respectively. Higher proportions of functional genes related to carbon degradation and organic remediation, were found in rhizosphere soil compared with NR soil, suggesting that the rhizosphere selectively increased the abundance of these specific functional genes. The increase in water-holding capacity and decrease in pH as well as salinity of the soil all followed the order of AR>FR>NR. Canonical component analysis showed that salinity was the most important environmental factor influencing the microbial functional structure in the rhizosphere and that salinity was negatively correlated with the abundance of carbon and organic degradation genes.

关键词： crude oil-contaminated soil phytoremediation rhizosphere effects rhizobox functional genes